The IOM Committee on Aerospace Medicine and the Medicine of Extreme Environments will coordinate with NASA’s Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer to become informed of existing conditions and emerging issues related to medical care in space and define prospective activities (such as studies or analysis of medical needs and/or approaches to addressing those needs) to be conducted at the Institute of Medicine. The committee will serve as a focal point for consideration of issues relating to the practice of medicine during space travel. The committee will consider relevant scientific, technical, and policy issues including: the development of optimal aerospace medicine healthcare as an evolving multidisciplinary and international enterprise; health maintenance and care policies related to aerospace medicine; clinical research requirements and clinical strategies; and other relevant issues. Ad hoc committees will be established to conduct studies as needed and as approved by the Institute of Medicine and the National Academies.